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Anaplasma
Based on recent genetic analysis, the name 'Anaplasma phagocytophilum' has been designated to replace the names of three species of granulocytic bacteria: Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Ehrlichia equi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium, which particularly infects neutrophil granulocytes and forms, when multiplying within the
granulocytes, typical inclusion bodies, so-called morulae. In Europe, the main vector is
Ixodes ricinus. Deer, mice and other rodents are reservoir hosts.
The clinical signs are similar to those of ehrlichiosis, but thrombocytopenia can be
observed more often, mainly because of the formation of anti-thrombocyte antibodies.
Anaplasma infections can be asymptomatic, can cause non-specific symptoms (fever,
inappetence, apathy) or severe symptoms (CNS disorders). In dogs, orthopaedic
problems (myositis, joint swellings, lameness) are often associated with Anaplasma
infections.
In horses , fever, apathy, limb oedema and reluctance to move are initially dominant. Horses older than 4 years show more obvious signs than younger animals. Once the infection is overcome, a resilient immunity is acquired for
about 2 years.
In ruminants, Anaplasma phagocytophilum can cause tick-bite fever. Most infections progress subclinically, but fever and productivity loss or abortions are also possible.
Severe cases occur when non-immune animals are introduced into endemically contaminated areas.
Neutrophil granulocyte with
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
(morula) in the middle
of the
segmented nuclei (Diff-Quik,
1000x magnification)
Method
Cat, Horse, Cattle: IFAT.
Dogs: ELISA.
Please note that, in dogs, we will run the ELISA test, where as in cat, horse and cattle, the IFAT method will be used. If you would like us to use the IFAT method for dogs, please write this clearly on the order form (test number for IFAT in dogs is 1573).
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