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CFT
What is Dourine?
Dourine is a chronic or acute contagious disease of equines caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma equiperdum.
Transmission
Direct ContactDourine is primarily transmitted through direct contact during coitus, mainly from stallion to mare, but it can also be transmitted from mare to stallion.
Other Routes: Rarely, foals may become infected via mucosal contact, during parturition, or by drinking milk from an infected dam.
Symptoms
Clinical Signs: Symptoms include fever, swelling of the genitalia and mammary glands, cutaneous eruptions, incoordination, facial and lip paralysis, ocular lesions, anemia, and emaciation.
Pathognomonic Signs: Oedematous cutaneous plaques (5-8 cm in diameter) are considered pathognomonic for Dourine.
Diagnosis
- Clinical Diagnosis: Diagnosis is often based on clinical signs and the identification of the parasite
- Serological Tests: Tests like the complement fixation test (CFT) and indirect fluorescent antibody test can confirm infection
Epidemiology
- Geographic Distribution: Dourine is endemic in some regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe
- Horses, mules, and donkeys are the primary hosts. Rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs can be infected experimentally.
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