|
|
Tick Profile III - PCR (A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, babesia, borrelia, Ehrlichia
canis, hepatozoon)
Test number: 8035 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 ) Anaplasma phagocytophilum PCR
|
|
Species
|
|
Cat / Feline
,
Bovine / Cattle
,
Dog / Canine
,
Horse / Equine
.
|
|
|
|
Sample Requirements |
|
EB , LQ , SV , Z .
EDTA blood, bone marrow, CSF, synovia, tick
|
|
|
| |
|
2 ) Anaplasma platys PCR
|
| |
|
Description |
|
PCR
Anaplasma platys is an obligate intracellular rickettsial organism and causes the disease called canine infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia.
|
|
|
|
|
Sample Requirements |
|
EB , Z .
EDTA blood, tick
|
|
|
| |
|
3 ) Babesia PCR (Piroplasmida)
|
|
Species
|
|
Cat / Feline
,
Bovine / Cattle
,
Dog / Canine
,
Horse / Equine
.
|
|
|
|
The Disease |
- PCR detection is far more sensitive than the detection from a blood smear. In case of a chronic infection, it can be assumed that pathogens have spread to many sites. However, the concentration of pathogen DNA in the blood may be very low and thus lead to a negative result in the PCR. While a positive PCR is proof of an infection, a negative PCR never rules out an infection.
- PCR horse: In case of a positive result, a differentiation between Theileria equi/Babesia caballi can subsequently be made on request.
|
|
|
|
|
Description |
|
real time PCR
Our Babesia PCR is able to detect the following species: B.gibsoni, B.microti, Th.equi, B.caballi, B.bovis, B.bigemina, B.canis und B.divergens.
|
|
|
|
|
Sample Requirements |
|
0.2ml EB , Z .
a minimum of 0.2ml whole blood in EDTA blood tube, or Tick
|
|
|
| |
|
4 ) Borrelia / Lyme Disease PCR
|
|
Species
|
|
Cat / Feline
,
Bovine / Cattle
,
Dog / Canine
,
Goat
,
Horse / Equine
,
Others
,
Sheep / Ovine
.
|
|
|
|
The Disease |
Borreilia
Borrelia are bacteria which belong to the spirochaete family. Spirochaetes are characterised by contractile axial filaments which are located under a multi-layered outer membrane and that give the spirochaetes their typical spiral shape as well as their motility. Borrelia species which are discussed in connection with Lyme borreliosis in dogs are included in the group Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which currently comprises more than 20 different Borrelia species.
Borrelia are transmitted by vectors (ticks or lice) and except for B. recurrens and B. dutonii they all have a reservoir among wild animals.
The main mode of transmission is a bite of the tick Ixodes ricinus (European castor bean tick). The bacteria are located in the intestine of the tick, are activated by the blood meal and migrate to the salivary glands. It then takes up to 24 hours until transmission via the saliva takes place. If the tick is properly removed within this period, the risk of infection can be greatly reduced.
In contrast to humans, the clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease) in dogs are rather non-specific and can easily be overlooked. In dogs, there is rarely an erythema migrans. Fatigue, loss of performance, possibly fever and, after a symptom free phase of several weeks, reluctance to move, alternating lameness, emaciation, vomiting and oedema occur. Occasionally, neurological deficits are also observed.
A serious complication is the development of glomerulonephritis with subsequent kidney failure due to the deposition of immune complexes.
The main vector, Ixodes ricinus, occurs throughout Germany but can be found more frequently in certain areas. In such areas, it is therefore recommended to regularly check for any infestation of the dog with ticks and to have a Lyme disease test carried out if the symptoms mentioned above occur.
Infections and diseases in cats and cattle are reported more and more often.
Furthermore, Lyme disease is classified as an emerging bacterial zoonosis.
Grazing animals are often used for blood meals by borrelia-infected ticks. Clinical diseases appear as well as seropositive animals without any clinical signs, with the evaluation often being difficult.
In horses , a variety of signs are associated with borrelia: reduced performance,
lameness, changes in the skin, eyes or heart up to neurological deficits and abortions.
However, there is still controversy as to whether the infection in horses leads to any clinical signs at all.
Lyme disease in cattle is associated with lameness, weight loss and abortion. Pathogen isolation from clinical material is sometimes successful (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii). Seroconversions have been shown as well as the response to tetracycline therapy.
|
|
|
|
|
Description |
|
PCR
Borrelia – Pathogen Detection PCR
The diagnostic value of a PCR is limited by the selection of the appropriate material and the concentration of pathogens. During a chronic infection, pathogen spread can be suspected in many sites, but the concentration of pathogen DNA can be very low and therefore the PCR produces a negative result. While a positive PCR is proof of infection, a negative PCR does not exclude an infection.
We also offer
|
|
|
|
|
Sample Requirements |
|
HT , LQ , SV, Z .
skin biopsies, synovia, CSF, tick
|
|
|
| |
|
5 ) Ehrlichia canis PCR
|
| |
|
Sample Requirements |
|
EB , CSF, KM , Z .
EDTA blood, bone marrow, tick
|
|
|
| |
|
6 ) Hepatozoon canis / felis PCR
|
|
The Disease |
|
Hepatozoon canis belongs to the protozoa and goes through a typical coccidial life cycle with the dog as intermediate host. Asexual reproduction, schizogony, takes place in several generations in the endothelial cells of the spleen, liver and bone marrow. The merozoites formed here penetrate the leukocytes and differentiate into gamonts. The definitive host, the tick, ingests the gamonts during the blood meal. Gamogony and sporogony take place in the tick and oocysts with 16 infectious sporozoites each are formed.
Infection with H. canis occurs by biting or swallowing an infected tick, primarily the brown dog tick (R. sanguineus), which is found in warm countries (mainly Southern Europe, South America, Africa and Asia). By now, the pathogen has also become endemic in several regions of Germany. Horizontal intrauterine transmission is possible as well. Acute infections are characterised by fever, lymphadenitis, anorexia, apathy, myositis
and epileptiform seizures (bleeding in meninges). Massive lesions up to necrosis occur in the affected organs (spleen, liver, lung, brain). Chronic infections cause intermittent fever, lymphadenopathy, anaemia, diarrhoea and vomiting. Hyperaesthesia and muscular pain with stiffening of the neck muscles and the trunk muscles occur. Periosteal bone proliferation can occur. In case of low parasitaemia, the infection may be clinically inapparent or may only have mild clinical signs.
|
|
|
|
|
Sample Requirements |
|
EB , Z .
|
|
|
| |
|
Price |
|
to view the price please provide:
|
|
|
 |
To order:
- If you have any queries, please contact us on:
Tel: 0161 282 3066
email: info@laboklin.co.uk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
