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1 ) Progressive Retinal Atrophy (BAS PRA)
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The Disease |
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Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) occurs in many breeds. The mutation responsible for this disease has already been identified in a number of breeds, DNA tests have been developed to enable breeders to avoid breeding affected dogs. With continued research the mutation that causes PRA in Basenjis has recently been identified and a test is now available at Laboklin.
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Description |
The onset of disease and the severity of the symptoms vary greatly. In Basenjis PRA occurs late in life, it begins with night blindess and ends with complete blindness. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. LABOKLIN now offers a genetic test for PRA in these breeds. It should be noted, that there are other forms of PRA with different genetic causes.
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2 ) Fanconi Syndrome (FS)
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The Disease |
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Fanconi Syndrome is a genetic disease of the kidney.
In affected dogs, the Kidney's proximal tubules fail to reabsorb vitamins, minerals, sugars and other nutrients back into the body, instead they are dumped into the urine. The loss of these nutrients results in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances along with other problem.
Fanconi Syndrome is considered as one of the most common inherited disease in Basenji .
Symptoms include polydipsia (excessive drinking), polyuria (excessive urination), and glucose in the urine (glucosuria). Untreated Fanconi Syndrome will lead to muscle wasting, acidosis and poor condition, and eventually death.
The age of onset is typically between four and eight years of age, however, symptoms have been seen in dogs as young as two years old and as old as eleven years.
The disease is progressive. The progression rate is variable.
* test performed by partner lab
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3 ) PK Deficiency (Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency)
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Breeds
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Basenji
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Beagle
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Cairn Terrier
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Labrador Retriever
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Pug
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West Highland White Terrier
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The Disease |
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is an enzyme critical to the anaerobic glycolytic pathway of energy production in the erythrocyte. If erythrocytes are deficient in PK they are unable to sustain normal cell metabolism and hence are destroyed prematurely. This deficiency manifests as an hemolytic anemia of variable severity with a strong regenerative response. In dogs, the anemia is always severe (PCV 10-20%) whereas in cats the anemia shows a regenerative response. Also associated with the disease in dogs but not cats is a progressive myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis of unknown etiology and this feature, along with liver failure, is the major cause of death in affected dogs.
The life expectancy of affected dogs is shortened and most die before 4 years of age.
PK deficiency has been recognized in both dogs and cats. The dog breeds involved are the Basenji, Beagle, Dachshund, Eskimo, West Highland White Terriers and the Beagle. In cats, PK deficiency has been described in Abyssinian and Somali cats, as well as DSH cats. The feline disease differs from the canine disease in that affected cats can have a normal life span, only intermittently have anemia, and do not seem to develop either osteosclerosis or liver failure. In all breeds the disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. Heterozygotes (carriers) do not have any clinical signs of disease and lead normal lives. They are able to propagate mutations throughout the population however and it is therefore important that carrier animals be detected prior to breeding.
PK deficiency can be detected, using molecular genetic testing techniques, in the Basenji, Beagle, Pug, Labrador Retriever, West Highland White and Cairn Terriers and the Beagle. These tests identify both affected and carrier animals. It is also possible to identify animals deficient in PK activity through enzyme analysis in those breeds where a molecular genetic test is not available.
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Clinical Signs |
The clinical signs of disease reflect the anemic status of the animal and include exercise intolerance, weakness, heart murmur and splenomegaly. The anemia is macrocytic, hypochromic and highly regenerative in dogs. Radiographs reveal generalized abnormalities in bone density including intramedullary mineralisation of the long bones suggestive of progressive osteosclerosis in dogs.
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Trait of Inheritance |
PK Deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive trait.
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Inheritance : AUTOSOMAL
RECESSIVE
trait
Sire
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Dam
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Offspring
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clear
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clear
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100% clear
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clear
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carrier
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50% clear + 50%
carriers
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clear
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affected
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100% carriers
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carrier
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clear
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50% clear + 50%
carriers
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carrier
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carrier
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25% clear + 25% affected
+ 50% carriers
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carrier
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affected
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50% carriers + 50%
affected
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affected
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clear
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100% carriers
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affected
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carrier
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50% carriers + 50%
affected
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affected
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affected
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100% affected
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Clear
Genotype: N / N [ Homozygous normal ]
The dog is noncarrier of the mutant gene.
It is very unlikely that the dog will develop PK Deficiency (Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency). The dog will never pass the mutation to its offspring, and therefore it can be bred to any other dog.
Carrier
Genotype: N / PK [ Heterozygous ]
The dog carries one copy of the mutant gene and one
copy of the normal gene.
It is very unlikely that the dog will develop PK Deficiency (Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency) but since it carries the mutant gene, it can pass it on to its offspring with the probability of 50%. Carriers should only be bred to clear dogs. Avoid breeding carrier to carrier because 25% of their offspring is expected to be affected (see table above)
Affected
Genotype: PK / PK [ Homozygous mutant ]
The dog carries two copies of the mutant gene and
therefore it will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring.
The dog is likely to develop PK Deficiency (Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency) and will pass the mutant gene to its entire offspring
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Price
for the above 3 tests
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£ 108.00 (including VAT)
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